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更新日期：2019-06-19
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Chocolate is a typically sweet usually brown food preparation of Theobroma cacao seeds roasted and ground. It is made in the form of a liquid paste or in a block or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods. Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica. The earliest evidence of use traces to the Mokaya with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE. In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages including the Maya and Aztecs who made it into a beverage known as xocolātl Nahuatl pronunciation a Nahuatl word meaning bitter water. The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.
After fermentation the beans are dried cleaned and roasted. The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs which are then ground to cocoa mass unadulterated chocolate in rough form. Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating it is called liquor. The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter. Baking also called bitter chocolate contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions without any added sugars. Much of the chocolate consumed today is in the form of sweet a combination of cocoa solids cocoa butter or added vegetable oils and sugar. Milk is sweet chocolate that additionally contains milk powder or condensed milk. White contains cocoa butter sugar and milk but no cocoa solids.
Cocoa solids are a source of flavonoids and alkaloids such as theobromine phenethylamine and caffeine. Chocolate also contains anandamide.
Chocolate has become one of the most popular food types and flavors in the world and a vast number of foodstuffs involving have been created particularly desserts including cakes pudding mousse brownies and chip cookies. Many candies are filled with or coated with sweetened and bars of solid and candy bars coated in chocolate are eaten as snacks. Gifts molded into different shapes have become traditional on certain Western holidays such as Easter and Valentine's Day. Chocolate is also used in cold and hot beverages such as milk and hot and in some alcoholic drinks such as creme de cacao.
Although cocoa originated in the Americas recent years have seen African nations assuming a leading role in producing cocoa. Since the 2000s Western Africa produces almost two-thirds of the world's cocoa with Ivory Coast growing almost half of that amount.
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